take和turn的N層語義
來源：
小編： 70 take
這個不規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞分別是：took, taken。
Take的第一個語義是：to move something from one place to another place. 這個語義其實我們很熟悉了，無非就是“拿（走），帶（走）”之意。但是值得注意的是，擁有類似語義的詞語還有bring和fetch這兩個詞，我們還是來區分一下吧：bring指的是“從別處拿（來）或帶（來）”，fetch呢是指“去另一地方并將放在那一處的東西拿來”。而我們這里的take則是指“把物品帶到另一個地方去”。例如：
We usually take the children to school in the car.
He was taken away by the police.
Her dentist took out o tooth of hers.
What do you get if you take 4 from 9? (9減去4)
這層語義還能上升為：to remove or use without permission or by mistake. 即“錯拿（走）， 剽竊，擅自使用”之意。例如：
Someone’s taken my pen.
She took away some part of my article. (剽竊)
Take的第二個語義是：to get something into one’s possession. 意味著“占有，獲得”之意。這層意思有著廣泛的使用。例如：
Enemy forces have taken the airport. (攻占)
Take a seat!
She took second prize.
He took my arm and led me to the road.
Let me take your coat.
Take的第三層語義是：to accept. 即“接受…”。例如：
The shop will take it back if it doesn’t fit.
Do you take credit card? (能刷信用卡嗎？)
If you take my advice you’ll sell that at once.
You can take my word for it. (聽我的沒錯。)
I don’t think the bus can take any more passengers.
If you can’t take the heat, get away the kitchen.
Take的第四層語義是：to need for a purpose. 即“需要（用）…”。例如：
The journey takes two hours.
The book takes 5 dollars.
What kind of money does international trade take?
It takes courage to do a thing like that.
Take的第五層語義是：used without strong meaning with certain nouns to show an action or feeling. 這時它會在后面跟上一些名詞，稍稍表示一種行為或者感覺。例如：
I’ll take a walk.
She took the course of Chinese.
You have to take risks in doing the job.
He took offence whenever I made suggestion to him.
I take more interest in English than French.
Take的其他意思還有：
“吞下，服下，吸入”。例如：I took a deep breath of the fresh air.
“乘坐（交通工具）”。例如：I took a taxi to work every day.
“測量，檢查”。例如：Please let me take your temperature.
“記下，寫下”。例如： I’ll take your words down when you speak.
以下是take構成的常見詞組：
Take action:
Take advantage of:
Take after: 在長相和性格上像…
Take care of: 照顧
Take effect: 生效
Take charge of: 負責，掌管
Take into account/ take account of: 把…考慮在內
Take into consideration: 考慮到…
Take it easy/ take things easy: 不要緊張，慢慢來
Take it for granted: 把…當成是理所當然的
Take measures/ take steps: 采取措施/步驟
Take off: 起飛，脫衣服，模仿（某人）
Take one’s time (doing …): 從容不迫地做…
Take over: 接管
Take part in: 參加
Take place: 代替
Take out sth on sb : 把氣撒在某人身上
Take turns: 輪流
Take up: 占用（空間），開始做…
Take a break: 休息，放松
Take a close look at sth: 仔細看…
Take one’s words for sth: 信任某人的話
Take sb’s order: 接受某人點菜
Take up a collection for: 為…募款
Take to: 染上（…習慣）
turn
老規矩，我們還是先來認識一下這個規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞，它們分別是：turned, turned。
Turn的第一個語義是：to (cause to) move round a central or fixed point. 這個意思很容易去理解的，打一個很明顯的例子就是地球繞著太陽轉啦，還有月亮繞著地球轉呀，這些都能用這個詞，表示“（繞著特定一點）旋轉，轉動”。例如：
The big wheel turned slowly.
She turned the key in the lock.
Turn的第二個語義是：to (cause to) move so that a different side faces upwards or
outwards. 這個好像和上面很有相似點，都表示在轉，但是方向不太一樣，上面是繞著特定一點轉，這個是朝上的轉成朝下，朝里的轉成朝外，表示的是“翻身，翻過來”。例如：
She turned over in the bed.
Fry the steak for five minutes then turn it and fry the other side.
She turned down the corner of the page to keep her place.
Turn的第三層語義是：to (cause to) change position or direction so as to face or move in a particular direction. 這還是在轉呀，但是方向感沒有上面兩個那么格式化，只是泛泛的表示“轉向…”。這個意思還是很有價值的，因為平時在交通上還是很常用到的，我們畢竟不是永遠直行的啊。例如：
Turn right at the end of the street.
She turned away and began to cry.
She turned to me and smiled.
The tide is turning.
We should turn our attention to the problem.
Turn的第四層語義是：to change so as to become (esp. something bad). 這個用法呢讓我們想到了以前講過的go的用法，go也能表示變化，而且也尤其表示“變壞”。我們這里新講的turn即“轉變成…”，尤指變成不好的事物。這個用法也很不錯嘛，我們中國人說“三十年河東，三十年河西”，就是說一種轉變。例如：
She turned suddenly pale when she heard the bad news.
His hair turns grey.
The actor turned politician.
Turn的第五層語義是：to reach or pass (a certain age, time, amount …). 這個用法很簡單啦。例如：
She turned 30 today.
It just has turned 3 pm.
以下是turn構成的常見詞組：
Turn around: 轉身
Turn down: 關小（聲音），拒絕
Turn in/ hand in: 上交
Turn into: 把…變成
Turn off: 關掉
Turn on: 打開
Turn over: 移交（權利等），再三考慮
Turn to: 轉向；求助于
Turn up: 調大（聲音）；被找到，重新出現；到達，來臨
Turn out: 關掉（電器等）；驅逐，趕走；結果是…；生產，制造
