GRE閱讀范文之揭秘奔跑鍛煉上癮的秘密
來源：互聯網
小編：天空 1184Running speeds were thus set at 2.5 metres a second for people, 1.83 for dogs and 0.84 for ferrets.
這樣設置的結果便為：奔跑速度為人類2.5米/秒，狗1.83米/秒，雪貂0.84米/秒;
Walking speeds were set at 1.25 metres a second for people and 1.1 for dogs.
行走速度為人類1.25米/秒，狗1.1米/秒。
The ferrets proved too easily distracted to walk consistently on the treadmills and were thus left to sit quietly in their cages for this part of the study.
雪貂由于太易分心，沒辦法讓它持續在跑步機上行走，所以在進行該部分實驗時它們被留在了籠中靜靜地坐著。
Each participating animal ran for one session and walked for one other, and did so on separate days, to avoid exhaustion.
每只動物會跑一段走一段，為了避免動物們出現筋疲力盡的情況，實驗是分成幾天進行的。
Before and after each session, blood was drawn from each and the endocannabinoid levels in it were measured.
在實驗前和試驗后，動物們都會被抽血以檢驗其中的endocannabinoid水平。
The researchers report in the Journal of Experimental Biology that, after 30 minutes of walking, participants' endocannabinoid levels did not rise.
研究人員在《生物學實驗》雜志中提到，在經過30分鐘的行走之后，參加實驗的動物的endocannabinoid水平并沒上升。
After running, however, the average human's endocannabinoid levels rose from 2.4 picomoles per millilitre to 6.1.
然而在奔跑過后情況則有所不同：那10個人的平均endocannabinoid水平從2.4 pmol/ml上升到了6.1 pmol/ml。
Dogs showed a similar trend, with levels rising from 2.4 pmol/ml to 8.0.
狗的變化趨勢與人類似---由2.4 pmol/ml升至8.0 pmol/ml。
Ferrets were different. Although they did show an increase, from 3.0 to 3.9 pmol/ml, this was not a statistically significant rise.
唯獨雪貂例外。他們的endocannabinoid水平雖亦有所上升-3.0 至 3.9 pmol/ml，但仍處于統計學上可不被納入考慮的范圍內。
These findings suggest that dogs experience a runner's high but ferrets do not.
這些發現表明狗中同樣存在著賽跑者的亢奮現象，而雪貂則沒有。
Dr Raichlen argues that it makes sense for ferrets not to have systems that reward cardiovascular activity, since such exercise consumes a lot of energy, may cause injury, and is not crucial to the stealthy hunting technique of sneaking down burrows and killing rabbits in their sleep.
看來雪貂體內并不存在對心血管活動進行陽性強化刺激的系統，Raichlen博士認為這對雪貂的發展同樣是有意義的，要知道太劇烈的運動會消耗掉過多的能量， 甚至引發受傷，且這并非是雪貂捕獵技術中的關鍵-它們一般只需偷偷溜進兔子窩并在兔子們熟睡時將其殺死即可。
What is not clear is whether the endocannabinoid reward is an ancient mechanism that has been lost on branches of the mammalian tree that do not need it, or is something that evolves quickly in species which become active.
仍有待考證的是，究竟這種endocannabinoid刺激機制是從遠古時代起即為哺乳類動物所擁有，還是從某些活躍的個別物種中進化出來的?
Given that humanity's arboreal simian ancestors would presumably have had little need to run, it is probably the latter.
鑒于人類的祖先—類人猿是樹棲動物，據推測它們很少有奔跑的需要，因此正確結論很可能是后者。
But to be sure Dr Raichlen will need to put animals far less co-operative than ferrets on the treadmill.
但若要確認此假設，Raichlen博士需將更多如雪貂般不太合作的動物哄上跑步機。
精彩推薦：
