雅思寫作高頻話題之犯罪類話題匯總
來(lái)源：環(huán)球教育教研團(tuán)隊(duì)
小編：環(huán)球楊亮 3976雅思寫作高頻話題之犯罪類話題技巧由環(huán)球教育顏王團(tuán)楊亮老師親自整理，犯罪類話題在雅思寫作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，但是能寫好也不是那么簡(jiǎn)單，如何寫好雅思寫作犯罪類話題呢？看看楊亮老師是如何支招的！
1.先來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)犯罪份子該如何表達(dá)
criminals 名詞，罪犯（值得注意的是，該詞有形容詞性）。
offenders 名詞，罪犯，違法者。
convicts 名詞，罪犯，囚徒（前段時(shí)間很紅的一套書《囚徒健身》，“Convict Conditioning”）。
culprits 名詞，犯人。同時(shí)，本詞可以指的是被指控犯罪的人。
outlaws 名詞，罪犯，暴徒。也有動(dòng)詞詞性，并且為及物動(dòng)詞，譯為宣布某事為不合法。
suspect （criminal suspect）名詞，犯罪嫌疑人。其實(shí)，在法庭最終宣判之前，我們口中的罪犯多數(shù)情況下應(yīng)該用這個(gè)詞表達(dá)，更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
prisoner 名詞，犯人，囚犯。
juvenile criminals 名詞，青少年罪犯。
minor criminals 名詞，未成年罪犯。
juvenile delinquent / juvenile offender 名詞，少年犯，或行為不端的青少年
值得注意的是，其實(shí)在雅思寫作犯罪類的話題中，未成年人犯罪往往是常見話題。因此后面幾個(gè)詞匯，需要大家重點(diǎn)掌握。
2. 來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)犯罪這件事該如何表達(dá)，要注意詞性標(biāo)注commit a crime (commit crimes) 動(dòng)賓，犯罪
violate the law / break the law 動(dòng)賓，犯罪，違法
offend against the law 動(dòng)賓，違法
violent crimes / non-violent crimes 形容詞+名詞，暴力犯罪/非暴力犯罪
delinquent behaviors / illegal acts / lawless behaviors形容詞+名詞，不法的行為
juvenile delinquency 名詞，特指青少年的不法行為
illegality 名詞，泛指所有違法行為。此外，immorality 名詞，指的是不道德的行為，其實(shí)近似于違法行為，但是略有區(qū)別。同理，副詞illegally和immorally也是類似的區(qū)別
wrongdoing / misconduct / delinquency 名詞，都是指的是行為不端
請(qǐng)見如下例文：（青少年違法之后應(yīng)該如何被懲罰永遠(yuǎn)是雅思考試的常見話題）
There is no denying that everyone should be punished due to his/her illegality, no matter how old he/she is. Notwithstanding, this does not imply that juvenile culprits should be treated as equally as adult prisoners. Juvenile detentions ought to be the place for those minor offenders instead of common jails, and besides juvenile suspects should be on trial in juvenile court where their right can be protected much better.
Juvenile convicts with violent crimes should be detained in juvenile detentions as they might be potential threats to our society, and on the other hand minor culprits with non-violent crimes can be punished with more flexibility such as being forced to do social work.
PS:Juvenile detentions 名詞，少管所
juvenile court 名詞，未成年人法庭
detain 及物動(dòng)詞，羈押
3.犯罪率的表達(dá)方式
Crime rate / incident of crime
如何降低犯罪率，是經(jīng)常在雅思寫作中被討論的話題。
Unbelievably high juvenile crime rate is plaguing many countries all over the world, and how to reduce it has become prime task for those governments for a long time.
4.rehabilitate criminals / reform criminals 動(dòng)賓，改造罪犯
Main function of prisons is not only punishing culprits with locking them up but also rehabilitating them as everyone no matter what he/she has done deserves a second chance. 監(jiān)獄的功能不僅是限制犯人的自由，還要給這些犯人提供一個(gè)改過(guò)自新的機(jī)會(huì)。
5.幾個(gè)導(dǎo)致青少年犯罪的原因如下：
Lack of moral education 名詞性，缺少德育教育（lack一詞在實(shí)際寫作中是考生們常犯錯(cuò)誤的地方，請(qǐng)看后面的注解。）
Inappropriate parenting 名詞性，不恰當(dāng)?shù)募彝ソ逃?/p>
Being exposed to misleading information from media 動(dòng)名詞性質(zhì)，暴露于媒體的誘導(dǎo)性信息
Lack of ability of telling right from wrong 名詞性，缺少辨別是非的能力
Blindly imitate what they often see or read in media 動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，盲目模仿在媒體中看到的或者聽到的事物
PS：關(guān)于lack
首先，可以是及物動(dòng)詞。例如：With stress from exams, students lack enthusiasm on learning any kind of art.
其次，名詞，多用于詞組 be lack of / be lack in = be short of 例如：Generally speaking, high crime rate, to a great extent, can be attributed to lack of law enforcement capacity of police.
再次，lacking 形容詞，常用詞組 be lacking of / be lacking in 例如： Fresh graduates are usually lacking in working experience that is required badly on majority of job positions.
16. Benefit / beneficial / Beneficiary 這幾個(gè)詞匯并不算難, 但是考生對(duì)于其詞性掌握一直不理想. 在此, 重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)一下詞性.
Benefit 可為名詞, 同時(shí)也可以為動(dòng)詞, 并且可以是Vt也可以是Vi。請(qǐng)對(duì)比下面兩個(gè)句子。
Governments will enjoy the benefits from their huge investment in education field in a long run.
Governments will benefit from their huge investment in education field in a long run.
第一句中的benefits為名詞，后面的from為介詞，實(shí)則是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作為定語(yǔ)修飾前文的benefits。而第二句中，benefit from為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組，指的是受益于某人或某事。
Beneficial 形容詞，通常的詞組是 be beneficial to 近義詞組 be good for / be salutary to
University education will be definitely beneficial to one’s future career.
Beneficiary, 名詞，指的是受益者，受惠者。
Obviously, beneficiaries of dissemination of high-quality education are both individuals and governments.
Beneficence, 名詞，指的是善行。其實(shí)在一些語(yǔ)境中，它指的含義就是好處。見下例句：
Some people blindly and excessively have their faith in the beneficence of technological advance. 一些人盲目地并且過(guò)度地對(duì)科技發(fā)展帶來(lái)的好處加以信任。
17. Access 一詞在教育類寫作中也時(shí)常出現(xiàn)。其常見詞性有兩個(gè)。
首先，名詞。譯為，進(jìn)入，使用權(quán)等。意思比較抽象。通常用于詞組have access to, 可使用什么，可接近什么。例如：
Contemporarily, with popularity of internet, schoolchildren can easily have access to some illegal and harmful information that they should not have known.
其次，動(dòng)詞，及物。譯為，使用，接近等。例如：
What children can easily access online is what they can never find in their textbooks.
18. 對(duì)某人或某事負(fù)責(zé)，在寫作中非常常見。下面給大家?guī)讉€(gè)相關(guān)的表達(dá)，如下:
Be in charge of doing / sth.
Take charge of doing / sth.
Have/has a duty to do sth.
Have/has an obligation to do sth.
Be responsible for doing sth. / sth.
19. bring the talent and creativity into full play 充分發(fā)揮才智與創(chuàng)新 (動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu))
在對(duì)于課程安排或者是教學(xué)方法的評(píng)述中，充分發(fā)揮才智與創(chuàng)新可以算是其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。如下：
Given that students are able to apply for courses according to their interest, university education will indeed bring their talent and creativity into full play.
20. 教育系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)出物之一就是人才，如下是幾個(gè)人才的描述方式：
personnel with interdisciplinary knowledge and well-rounded ability 復(fù)合型人才
interdisciplinary talents 夸學(xué)科人才
senior personnel / top talents / advanced talents 高級(jí)人才
well-educated workforce 受到良好教育的勞動(dòng)力
high-end labor 高端勞動(dòng)力
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