攻克語法絆腳石 穩拿高分
來源：
小編： 31說到雅思寫作，很多考生會不約而同地想到詞匯和語法。的確，在寫作的四項評分標準中，這兩項指標占據了半壁江山。對于前者，考生們往往不敢怠慢，備考過程中的很大一部分時間和精力都是花在詞匯積累上的，而對于后者，卻因為單調、枯燥而常常被有意無意地忽視。實際上，“磨刀不誤砍柴工”，只有把“語法”這把刀磨得亮亮的，才有可能連詞成句，連句成段，又快又好地完成雅思寫作任務。
然而在平時的教學過程中，我們發現，語法問題成為了不少考生提高雅思寫作成績的絆腳石，甚至一些英語水平相對不錯的考生或是為了追求句子的復雜性或是由于粗心大意也會出現類似的問題，因此我們整理了雅思寫作中常見的語法問題，以期提醒廣大考生注意。鑒于篇幅關系，對于時態混亂、主謂不一致、及物不及物誤用、可數不可數單復數錯誤等問題，這里就不一一贅述了，本文將主要從句子結構層面展開探討。
1、 串句
串句是不用連詞或標點而把兩個（或以上）獨立的句子串在一起的錯誤表達。有些串句是不用任何標點間隔兩個甚至更多的句子；有些串句是在該用句號時濫用逗號，忽略了逗號本身沒有連接句子功能的原則。
No one can deny the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
There is a general discussion there days over education in many colleges and institutes, one of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
修改和避免串句錯誤的常見方法：
①用句號把原句分成兩個獨立的句子；
②用連詞連接兩個句子；
③用分號連接兩個句子。
如：
No one can deny the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, so the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
There is a general discussion there days over education in many colleges and institutes; one of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
2、 破句
破句是把不完整的句子當作獨立的句子來寫時發生的錯誤。
以下是常見的幾個破句的例子：
Students should be encouraged to take part-time job. Because it will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
點評：從屬連詞引起的破句。常見的從屬連詞有after,unless, even if, even though ,since , before , when (whenever),because, if, who(whoever),while, as (as if ), which(whichever), although , so that, where(wherever), until, that等。像because這樣的從屬連詞開頭的從句是不能單獨存在的，它依賴于另一個句子方能使意義完整，也就是說單獨的從句本身就是破句。
修改后：Students should be encouraged to take part-time job because it will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
A large number of people think that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Not realizing that a person’s education is a most important aspect of his life.
點評：分詞引起的破句。當分詞出現在一個短語或句子的開頭時常常會產生破句，而這樣的破句往往缺少主語或謂語動詞的一部分。
修改后：A large number of people think that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. They fail to realize that a person’s education is a most important aspect of his life.
International travel has given rise to large numbers of employment opportunities. For example, retail, hospitality and transportation.
點評：增加細節引起的破句。往往以下面的詞語開頭：for example, also, except, such as, including, especially, among, like.
修改后：International travel has given rise to large numbers of employment opportunities in retail, hospitality and transportation.
Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control. And also threatening to take already scarce city jobs.
點評：缺少主語的破句。用and之類連詞打頭的短語或句子居多，可通過使破句依附于前面的句子或加上主語的方式進行更正。
修改后：Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and also threatening to take already scarce city jobs.
3、 錯誤的平行結構
所謂平行結構，就是指兩個（或以上）意思并列的成份（包括單詞、詞組、從句和句子）在寫作時要用同等的語法形式表達，并保證邏輯上的一致，否則就破壞了其平行結構。
①錯誤的并列
In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built and which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.
點評：and who/and which 結構是考生所犯的錯誤中最常見但最嚴重的一種，因為它導致從句與主句間一種不合邏輯的關系。
修改后：In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.
②一系列平行結構上的不正確使用
Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, offers convenience and it is not very expensive.
點評：當詞或詞組被放在一個系列時，它們在意義上和結構上必須都是平行的。
修改后：Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, convenient and inexpensive.
③錯誤的省略
It is commonly thought that modern technology has and will dramatically change our society.
點評：這種錯誤在have/ has ,will, shall結構中較為常見。
修改后：It is commonly thought that modern technology has dramatically changed our society and it will continue.
④邏輯上的不一致
The percentage of cancerous persons among smokers is significantly higher than non-smokers.
點評：使用than或as的比較形式，較容易出現不合邏輯的現象。
修改后：The percentage of cancerous persons among smokers is significantly higher than that among non-smokers.
實際上，雅思寫作所運用的語法知識基本都是中學所學的語法內容，因此對于廣大考生，特別是語言基礎相對薄弱的考生，建議先對這些基礎語法內容進行系統的復習，然后一定要動筆練習，通過老師的批改或者利用word等軟件，發現自己語法方面的漏洞，及時差漏補缺，做到表達正確并非難事。
