A類閱讀判斷題標(biāo)準(zhǔn)探討
來(lái)源：
小編： 173雅思學(xué)術(shù)類考試作為準(zhǔn)備出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)成績(jī)，在很多學(xué)子的出國(guó)路上造成了不小的障礙。而閱讀部分一大難點(diǎn)是其變化多端、紛繁復(fù)雜的題型。這些題型粗粗的算來(lái)可以分為九大類：標(biāo)題對(duì)應(yīng)題、真假判斷題、總結(jié)題、簡(jiǎn)答題、句子完成題、圖表填空題、配對(duì)題、選擇題、流程圖題。在這些題型當(dāng)中，真假判斷題占到了將近 50%。所以判斷題做得好壞直接決定了考生在閱讀上的成績(jī)。
在是非無(wú)判斷題的考試中,考生要對(duì)試卷上所列出的一系列命題(即陳述句)進(jìn)行判斷。如果這些陳述句是反映觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度的，那么考生的任務(wù)就是判斷這些句子是否和作者的觀點(diǎn)一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是 “YES”,“NO”或者是“NOT GIVEN”。如果這些陳述句表述的內(nèi)容是有關(guān)事實(shí)信息,那么考生就要判斷這些句子是否和文中的信息一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是“TRUE”,“FALSE”或者是“NOT GIVEN”。這里要特別說(shuō)明的是在考試中“YES”,“NO”,“NOT GIVEN”和“TRUE”,“FALSE”,“NOT GIVEN”只是考試形式的區(qū)別,在判斷方式上并沒(méi)有本質(zhì)區(qū)別。
那么，我們需要拿什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)判斷我們的命題是否正確呢？現(xiàn)在有很多不同的說(shuō)法，在多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，我總結(jié)出了這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
TRUE或YES：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)完全對(duì)應(yīng)。
FALSE或NO：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)想矛盾。
NOT GIVEN：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的前提之下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯文章沒(méi)有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
用表格的形式表述如下：(假設(shè)被判斷的命題中有三個(gè)考點(diǎn))
下面結(jié)合劍橋雅思4上面的具體題目來(lái)講解一下我的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
首先來(lái)解釋TRUE/YES的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)完全對(duì)應(yīng)。從表述中可以看出，正確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是唯一性的，只有在全部考點(diǎn)都正確的情況下，該命題才能被判斷為TRUE/YES。
Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
3.
題干：It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the "pure" science that they study at school.
原文：Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about "pure" science, curriculum science.
分析：此題答案為TRUE。從兩個(gè)句子表達(dá)中不難看出，兩句話都是針對(duì)children這同一對(duì)象，并且在觀點(diǎn)陳述中hold對(duì)應(yīng)harbour都作動(dòng)詞，表示“包含，擁有”, mistaken views對(duì)應(yīng)misconceptions,表示“錯(cuò)誤的概念”， that they study at school對(duì)應(yīng)curriculum science，在這里curriculum做名詞，表示“學(xué)校課程”的意思。
4.
題干：The fact that children's ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.
原文：These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,
分析：雖然原文是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句，但從表達(dá)意思的主體上來(lái)看并沒(méi)有太大的改變。children's ideas about science對(duì)應(yīng)these misconceptions，都指的兒童對(duì)于科學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)，只不過(guò)文章中表達(dá)為錯(cuò)誤的概念，form part of a larger framework of ideas對(duì)應(yīng)do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework，都表達(dá)了兒童的觀點(diǎn)形成了一個(gè)大的框架的觀點(diǎn)，區(qū)別就在于文章對(duì)這個(gè)框架作了一些詳細(xì)的描述，means that it is easier to change them對(duì)應(yīng)making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification，在這里，考點(diǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)集中在了easier 正好對(duì)應(yīng)了文章中的more accessible, to change them對(duì)應(yīng)了modification.
7.
題干：The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children's understanding of rainforests.
原文：These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforest...
分析：在這里，關(guān)鍵的考點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)集中在了 follows on from對(duì)應(yīng)了consistent，都表示“一致的”意思，a series of studies that have looked at children's understanding of rainforests對(duì)應(yīng)了our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforest，同樣表示了“之前已經(jīng)研究過(guò)的兒童對(duì)于熱帶雨林的觀點(diǎn)”。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
12
題干：The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.
原文：All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans...generally the rates have been modest (lower than bank rates)
分析：題干中表達(dá)the children have to pay back... more money than they borrowed對(duì)應(yīng)文章中All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans，全部計(jì)劃都要收利息，所以兒童必須還錢，并且有了利息的存在，所以兒童要還比他借的錢多的一部分的錢；并且，slightly對(duì)應(yīng)了 modest, generally the rates have been modest(lower than bank rates)，利率不多，并且比銀行的要低，所以只高出了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。
Academic Test 4
Reading Passage 1
1.
題干：Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.
原文：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records......
分析：about 1900對(duì)應(yīng)the early years of the twentieth century，Modern official athletic records date from對(duì)應(yīng)when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records
6.
題干：The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognised at a younger age.
原文：Over the past century,...but with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes-----it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.
分析：The growing international importance of athletics對(duì)應(yīng)with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes, gifted athletes對(duì)應(yīng)individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance，recognised at a younger age對(duì)應(yīng)more likely...can be identified early.
從這些例子中可以看出，所有被判斷為正確的陳述表達(dá)無(wú)一例外的都和文章中的考點(diǎn)表達(dá)存在一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系。
接下來(lái)，來(lái)看看FALSE / NO的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)想矛盾。無(wú)論其他的考點(diǎn)是什么結(jié)論，只需要其中有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，那么這個(gè)命題的答案就是錯(cuò)誤的。
