方法就是方法,它最終無(wú)法取代刻苦的學(xué)習(xí).
Oral English:(口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法總匯)
(1).We study spoken English so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, Accuracy, and Appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness.
我們學(xué)習(xí)口語(yǔ)目的是為了與別人進(jìn)行交流,所以英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中的幾個(gè)要素的重要次序應(yīng)為:流利-準(zhǔn)確-恰當(dāng).
(2).Try to find some partners practicing oral English together and English corner is a good place as where we may exchange English study experience, widen our sight and improve interest in English.
尋找學(xué)伴一起練習(xí)口語(yǔ).英語(yǔ)角是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的地方,在那我們不但可以練習(xí)口語(yǔ),還可以交流英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),開(kāi)拓視野,提高英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣.
(3).If English partners are not easy to get, then we have to create an English environment ourselves by speaking English to ourselves.
如果找不到學(xué)伴或參加英語(yǔ)角的機(jī)會(huì)很少,那么也沒(méi)有關(guān)系,有很多種方法可以自己練習(xí)口語(yǔ).比如通過(guò)自己對(duì)自己將英語(yǔ)來(lái)創(chuàng)造英語(yǔ)環(huán)境.可以對(duì)自己描述所看到的景物,英語(yǔ)口述自己正在作的事情.
*(4).This method is very effective and easy to insist on--interpreting Chinese-English novels or books. First we read the Chinese parts and then try to interpret them into English and then compare our interpretation with the original versions in the novels or books so that we can find out the mistakes, shortcomings and progresses in our interpretation.
*這種方法非常有效且很容易堅(jiān)持---口譯漢英對(duì)照(或英漢對(duì)照)的小說(shuō)或其它讀物.首先我們先讀漢語(yǔ)部分,然后逐句直接口譯成英文,完成一小段后,去看書(shū)上的對(duì)應(yīng)英文部分并與我們的口譯進(jìn)行比較,我們馬上可以發(fā)現(xiàn)我們口譯的錯(cuò)誤,缺點(diǎn)和進(jìn)步. 請(qǐng)注意:開(kāi)始要選擇較簡(jiǎn)單的讀物,且應(yīng)大量做,只做一兩篇效果是不明顯的.開(kāi)始可能較慢,費(fèi)時(shí)較多,但請(qǐng)堅(jiān)持,整體上這是一個(gè)加速的過(guò)程. 高級(jí)階段請(qǐng)計(jì)時(shí)練習(xí),以加快反應(yīng)速度和口語(yǔ)流利度.
*作為成人學(xué)英語(yǔ),記憶力差是個(gè)攔路虎,作復(fù)述練習(xí)或背誦課文往往力不從心,或者由于詞匯量太小覺(jué)得直接作口譯太難,那么這樣做可以非常有效地解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題:：先學(xué)習(xí)英文課文,通篇理解透徹后,再來(lái)看漢語(yǔ)譯文, 把漢語(yǔ)譯文口譯回英文. 這樣等于既作復(fù)述練習(xí)又作口譯(語(yǔ))練習(xí),可謂一石雙鳥(niǎo)!
*這樣作的好處:
1.自己就可以練習(xí)口語(yǔ),想練多久,就練多久.
2.始終有一位高級(jí)教師指出您的不足和錯(cuò)誤---英文原文.
3.題材范圍極廣,可以突破我們自己的思維禁錮,比如我們總是喜歡談?wù)撐覀冏约菏煜さ脑?huà)題,所以我們總是在練習(xí)相同的語(yǔ)言,進(jìn)步當(dāng)然就緩慢了.
4.選擇小說(shuō),幽默故事或好的短文閱讀,使我們有足夠的興趣堅(jiān)持下去.
5.有一些我們?cè)谥苯訉W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)課文時(shí)被我們熟視無(wú)睹的地道的英語(yǔ)用法會(huì)被此法發(fā)掘出來(lái).
6.對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)和所犯錯(cuò)誤印象深刻.這等于我們一直在作漢譯英練習(xí),很多英文譯文是我們費(fèi)盡心思憋出來(lái)的,所以印象相當(dāng)深刻.比直接學(xué)習(xí)英文課文印象要深的多.
7.經(jīng)過(guò)大量的練習(xí),你會(huì)有這樣的感覺(jué):沒(méi)有什么東西你不能翻譯,你的翻譯水平大大加強(qiáng)了,你的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)力大大提高了!
(5).Interpreting what you hear---Changing Roles: Three people make a group: one speaks Chinese, one speaks English acting as the foreigner, one acts as interpreter. Then change roles. This is a good interpreting training method and is good for studying from one another. In addition, it may improve the responding ability and speed of students. The advanced stage of this method is simultaneous interpretation.
聽(tīng)譯法-角色互換:三人一組,模擬翻譯實(shí)戰(zhàn).一人將漢語(yǔ),一人將英語(yǔ),扮演老外,一人作翻譯.練習(xí)一段時(shí)間后互換角色.這是一種非常好的翻譯訓(xùn)練方法,也是很好的相互學(xué)習(xí),取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短的方法.而且可大大提高反應(yīng)速度和能力.此法的高級(jí)階段為同聲傳譯,我們可以在聽(tīng)廣播或看電視或開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí),把所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容口譯英文.
(6).Oral composition and 3-minute training method: This method is suitable for intense training. Making an oral composition about a certain topic for one minute the first time and record the composition on tape at the same time. Then listen to the composition and find out the room for improvement. Then make the same composition for two minutes for the second time and also record it. And at last repeat the above-mentioned for three minutes.
口語(yǔ)作文和3分鐘訓(xùn)練法:此法適用于強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.找好一個(gè)題目作一分鐘的口語(yǔ)作文,同時(shí)將其錄音.聽(tīng)錄音,找出不足和錯(cuò)誤,就此題目再作兩分鐘的的口語(yǔ)作文,同樣錄音,再聽(tīng)并找出不足與進(jìn)步,繼續(xù)作三分鐘口語(yǔ)作文.這是高級(jí)口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練,效果不俗.
(7).Retelling exercise: Retell some articles or English stories in our own words.
復(fù)述練習(xí):最簡(jiǎn)單也是最有效的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法.從治本上攻克英文的方法,特別適合初學(xué)者和中級(jí)學(xué)者,用自己的話(huà)背頌所聽(tīng)的英語(yǔ)故事或文章短文,應(yīng)該大量地練習(xí).
(8).If possible, we may read some English tongue twisters loudly and quickly with one or two cakes of candy in our mouth (just as the Chinese cross-talk actors do.) to train our oral cavity muscle and tongues suitable for English pronunciation.
如果可能我們也可以大聲且快速朗讀英文繞口令(就象相聲演員練嘴),還可以同時(shí)口中含塊糖以加大強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練的力度.這樣來(lái)強(qiáng)我們的口腔肌肉迅速適應(yīng)英文發(fā)音,使我們的口語(yǔ)相當(dāng)流利,清晰,而且還有自信.例如:
☆A(yù) big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. The big black bear bit back the big black bug.
☆This fish has a thin fin; That fish has a fat fin;
This fish is a fish that has a thinner fin than that fish.
(9).Paying more attention to phrases and small words as one major shortcoming of Chinese English (especially Chinese oral English) is that Chinese students tend to use big words in their oral language, but the idiomatic oral English is abundant with short, active and vivid phrases. And most of such phrases are made of small words.
特別注意短語(yǔ)(詞組)和小詞的運(yùn)用,中國(guó)式的英語(yǔ)尤其是口語(yǔ)一個(gè)很大的缺點(diǎn)就是中國(guó)學(xué)生喜歡用大詞,而真正地道的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)確是充滿(mǎn)著短小,活潑,生動(dòng)的短語(yǔ),富有生氣.而這些短語(yǔ)大部分有小詞構(gòu)成.
(10) Thinking in English.英語(yǔ)思維的培養(yǎng)。
1. 大量根據(jù)圖片來(lái)了解生詞的含義,故事的情節(jié).這是少兒英語(yǔ)中常用的方法,也試用于成人.
2. 習(xí)慣于使用英-英字典而不是英-漢字典會(huì)起相當(dāng)重要的作用.
3. 加強(qiáng)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練,尤其是聽(tīng)用英語(yǔ)解釋英語(yǔ)的課程講解.
4. 如果沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)擁有封閉的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境的話(huà), 就最好嘗試一下自我封閉語(yǔ)言環(huán)境的創(chuàng)造與訓(xùn)練.如:強(qiáng)迫自己在一周內(nèi)所有要表達(dá)的話(huà),全部用英語(yǔ)表達(dá).只要你能堅(jiān)持一周,效果就相當(dāng)明顯,而無(wú)論你所表達(dá)的英語(yǔ)有多糟!.
(11).Oral English has its own features, but it is closely combined with other aspects of English, for example, writing may make oral English precise and accurate.
口語(yǔ)雖自有特色,但與英語(yǔ)的其它方面緊密相連.比如,經(jīng)常練習(xí)寫(xiě)作,可使口語(yǔ)精密,準(zhǔn)確.
