雅思寫作大作文Task2寫作素材之犯罪類
來源：環(huán)球教育整理
小編：Eileen 584在2016年的雅思寫作考試中，犯罪類話題占5%，雖然占比較小，但是想必對(duì)于大多數(shù)中國(guó)雅思考生，如果沒有事先經(jīng)過精心準(zhǔn)備的話，對(duì)這個(gè)題目恐怕只能是傻眼了。
那么今天環(huán)球小編就為大家?guī)砹搜潘紝懽鞔笞魑腡ask2中的犯罪類話題的寫作素材，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
這些我們會(huì)遇到的題目：
1.青少年犯罪
母題：In many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this case happening? How should children or teenagers be punished? (100804)
提示：青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency 產(chǎn)生的原因及其解決方法?？蓮募彝?、社會(huì)、媒體三個(gè)角度分析。
子題：很多年輕人有一種反社會(huì)行為，原因是什么，如何解決？犯罪是人類本性，還是可以預(yù)防的？
2.犯罪預(yù)防
母題：Unlike in most other countries, police in the UK do not commonly carry guns. Some people think it leaves citizens unprotected. But others think it reduces the overall violence in our society. Discuss both sides of the view and give your opinion. (040320, 040619)
提示：這道題目當(dāng)之無(wú)愧地成為母題，因?yàn)檫@道話題自從2010年9月起已經(jīng)成為了雅思口語(yǔ)話題中的題目。11年8月20日，這道題目以變題的形式再一次出現(xiàn)在雅思寫作中。
子題：是否應(yīng)該嚴(yán)懲違反交規(guī)者？城市中采取預(yù)防犯罪的措施，利大于弊嗎？個(gè)人如果為所欲為，社會(huì)就無(wú)法運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，你同意嗎？犯罪是世界問題，無(wú)法預(yù)防，你同意嗎？
3.罪犯懲處
母題：Sending criminals to prison is not the best method of dealing with them. Education and job training are better ways to help them. Do you agree or disagree? (050618, 080918)
提示：其實(shí)囚禁imprisonment和再教育都是一種讓囚犯改造rehabilitate的方法。還有community service對(duì)于輕犯和初犯都是一種不錯(cuò)的懲處方式。
子題：監(jiān)獄除了懲罰犯罪，還有什么功能？降低犯罪的最佳方法是延長(zhǎng)監(jiān)獄星期嗎？刑滿釋放人員再犯罪率很高，為什么，如何解決？你認(rèn)為罪犯應(yīng)該送到監(jiān)獄還是應(yīng)該做一些社區(qū)工作或?qū)W習(xí)一些技能？
下面我們就通過一個(gè)題目詳細(xì)展開思路。
Can capital punishment ever be justified?
是否應(yīng)該有死刑?
關(guān)于這個(gè)話題，大致可以分成以下這幾個(gè)分論點(diǎn)來展開：
Arguments against capital punishment
1.死刑只是對(duì)罪犯的一種處罰，而并不能夠?qū)⒎缸镄袨橹惺芎φ呱旎?，或者賠償其所遭受的傷害
Capital punishment, which even though manages to bring the criminals to justice, could by no means compensate for physical, mental and psychological sufferings inflicted on victims, or in some extreme cases, bring back their lives.
2.無(wú)論一個(gè)人犯多大的錯(cuò)誤，其他人都無(wú)權(quán)剝奪其生命。
It is entirely unjustified to deprive one of his/her rights to live regardless of how insanely severe and cruel the offenses he/she has committed are.
3.死刑犯的尸體的處理將是一個(gè)非常具有爭(zhēng)議的道德問題。
How the body of the deceased criminal is going to be disposed of will be bound to raise grave both ethical and social implications.
Arguments for capital punishment
4.如果死刑犯沒有受到最為嚴(yán)厲的懲罰，那么這對(duì)受害者是不公平的。
It would be only fair for the victims if the criminals are subject to the greatest fear of all- death.
5.如果死刑取消的話，那么很多潛在的罪犯就不會(huì)顧忌做出一些極為可怕的犯罪行為。
If capital punishment is ever to be done away with, the potential wrong-doers wouldn't be deterred from committing staggeringly serious offenses among which serial murder proves particularly appalling.
寫作素材的收集可以讓你在寫作中下筆如有神，下面我們就介紹一些犯罪類題材大作文中的素材。
1.先來說說犯罪份子該如何表達(dá)
criminals 名詞，罪犯（值得注意的是，該詞有形容詞性）。
offenders 名詞，罪犯，違法者。
convicts 名詞，罪犯，囚徒（前段時(shí)間很紅的一套書《囚徒健身》，"Convict Conditioning"）。
culprits 名詞，犯人。同時(shí)，本詞可以指的是被指控犯罪的人。
outlaws 名詞，罪犯，暴徒。也有動(dòng)詞詞性，并且為及物動(dòng)詞，譯為宣布某事為不合法。
suspect （criminal suspect）名詞，犯罪嫌疑人。其實(shí)，在法庭最終宣判之前，我們口中的罪犯多數(shù)情況下應(yīng)該用這個(gè)詞表達(dá)，更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
prisoner 名詞，犯人，囚犯。
juvenile criminals 名詞，青少年罪犯。
minor criminals 名詞，未成年罪犯。
juvenile delinquent / juvenile offender 名詞，少年犯，或行為不端的青少年
值得注意的是，其實(shí)在雅思寫作犯罪類的話題中，未成年人犯罪往往是常見話題。因此后面幾個(gè)詞匯，需要大家重點(diǎn)掌握。
2.來說說犯罪這件事該如何表達(dá)，要注意詞性標(biāo)注
commit a crime (commit crimes) 動(dòng)賓，犯罪
violate the law / break the law 動(dòng)賓，犯罪，違法
offend against the law 動(dòng)賓，違法
violent crimes / non-violent crimes 形容詞+名詞，暴力犯罪/非暴力犯罪
delinquent behaviors / illegal acts / lawless behaviors形容詞+名詞，不法的行為
juvenile delinquency 名詞，特指青少年的不法行為
illegality 名詞，泛指所有違法行為。此外，immorality 名詞，指的是不道德的行為，其實(shí)近似于違法行為，但是略有區(qū)別。同理，副詞illegally和immorally也是類似的區(qū)別
wrongdoing / misconduct / delinquency 名詞，都是指的是行為不端
請(qǐng)見如下例文：（青少年違法之后應(yīng)該如何被懲罰永遠(yuǎn)是雅思考試的常見話題）
引導(dǎo)閱讀原文 There is no denying that everyone should be punished due to his/her illegality, no matter how old he/she is. Notwithstanding, this does not imply that juvenile culprits should be treated as equally as adult prisoners. Juvenile detentions ought to be the place for those minor offenders instead of common jails, and besides juvenile suspects should be on trial in juvenile court where their right can be protected much better.
Juvenile convicts with violent crimes should be detained in juvenile detentions as they might be potential threats to our society, and on the other hand minor culprits with non-violent crimes can be punished with more flexibility such as being forced to do social work.
PS: Juvenile detentions 名詞，少管所
juvenile court 名詞，未成年人法庭
detain 及物動(dòng)詞，羈押
3.犯罪率的表達(dá)方式
Crime rate / incident of crime
如何降低犯罪率，是經(jīng)常在雅思寫作中被討論的話題。
Unbelievably high juvenile crime rate is plaguing many countries all over the world, and how to reduce it has become prime task for those governments for a long time.
4.rehabilitate criminals / reform criminals 動(dòng)賓，改造罪犯
Main function of prisons is not only punishing culprits with locking them up but also rehabilitating them as everyone no matter what he/she has done deserves a second chance. 監(jiān)獄的功能不僅是限制犯人的自由，還要給這些犯人提供一個(gè)改過自新的機(jī)會(huì)。
5.幾個(gè)導(dǎo)致青少年犯罪的原因如下：
Lack of moral education 名詞性，缺少德育教育（lack一詞在實(shí)際寫作中是考生們常犯錯(cuò)誤的地方，請(qǐng)看后面的注解。）
Inappropriate parenting 名詞性，不恰當(dāng)?shù)募彝ソ逃?/p>
Being exposed to misleading information from media 動(dòng)名詞性質(zhì)，暴露于媒體的誘導(dǎo)性信息
Lack of ability of telling right from wrong 名詞性，缺少辨別是非的能力
Blindly imitate what they often see or read in media 動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，盲目模仿在媒體中看到的或者聽到的事物
