閱讀難句隨身卡基礎篇下
來源：
小編： 294 閱讀難句隨身卡基礎篇:分割結構(下)
來源：環球教育 www.ielts.com.cn 2006-10-30
本期難句分析：
一、前言
閱讀分為四個層次：詞、句、段、章。同學們一般習慣于以詞為單位閱讀，所以遇到存在“生詞”的句子就無從下手了。其實閱讀的真正障礙并不在于“生詞”，而在于“難句”，因為難句即使每個單詞都認識，只要“結構”復雜，可能也讀不懂。反之，一旦能夠把握“結構”，就可以忽略生詞，掌握大意，從而實現“無詞閱讀”的境界。為此，本人特意為廣大同學制作了這一套“難句隨身卡”（包括基礎篇和提高篇）。
二、難句的構成
英語的難句=主句+從句+短語，不同于漢語的句子全是簡單句，沒有復雜句。如果把英語的難句比喻成大樹，那么主句相當于樹干，從句相當于樹枝，而短語相當于葉子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，漢語的句子就好比是竹子，一節一節的。
因此，我們在理解英語難句的時候要學會“拆”――把復雜句拆成簡單句來理解。也就是說，要學會抓住“樹干”，拆掉“枝葉”。
三、如何“拆”
任何句子都必須有謂語動詞，所以找到一個謂語動詞就可以拆下來一個句子。因此，理解難句的基本步驟是：1）識別出有哪幾個謂語動詞；2）找出主句的謂語動詞，先理解主句；3）再去理解從句和短語。
四、符號說明
1．謂語動詞用黑體的斜體字表示，例如：Everyone should know …。
2．從句的引導詞用方框表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located。
3．從句用橫線表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located，表示where引導的從句。
4．插入語成分用括號表示，例如：Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between…
第三章 分隔結構
本章難句列表（分析從第6頁開始）：
1. Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life.
2. We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.
3. Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.
4. The willingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive, of which we spoke earlier.
5. It is an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.
6. The tour races of France and Italy, held each year, cover more than 2,000 miles.
7. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.
8. The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
9. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.
10. Even his critics say the Ames test ? his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer ? is a remarkable achievement.
11. The cessation（停止） of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent（即將來臨的） is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
12. Although her characters were portrayed（描繪） in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness（悲傷，痛苦） of another.
13. I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street.
