雅思閱讀中省略現象類型分析
來源：
小編： 132為了避免重復，使語言簡練緊湊，在不損害句子結構或引起誤解的情況下，往往省略一個或多個句子成分或詞語。
I．簡單句中的省略
(1)不定式“to”的省略
(2)所有格之后的名詞為“住宅、商店、I礦、門診、教堂"等時，可以省略
She’s going to the barber’s．
I happened to meet him at the tailor’s(shop)．
(3)獨立主格結構中分詞。如果為“being”或“having been”時可以省略。
The meeting(being)over，we all left the room．
Tools(having been)carried，we went on our way to the fields．
(4)感嘆句中的省略：
What a day (it is)!
What a pretty girl (she is)!
How beautiful!
(5)表示某種性質的介詞“口’用于疑問代詞"what"之前可以省略o
(Of) what trade is he?
(Of)What size is your coat?
(6)祈使句中的主語省略：
(You)Name three different kinds of matter．
(You)Work hard next time，and you will succeed．
(You)Use your head，and you will find a way.
Ⅱ．并列句中的省略
(1)在并列句中，后一個句子有時可以省略跟前面句子中相同的部分
Matters consist of molecules，and molecules(consist)d atoms．
Tom is writing his term paper，but John isn’t(writing his term paper)．
We frequently regard gases as compressible，(and regard)liquids as incompressible．(我們通常把氣體看成是可以壓縮的，液體是不可壓縮的。)
（2)在并列句中，第二句用"neither／nor／so"引出時，出現省略；“neither／nor/so還可以引起倒裝。
He didn’t fear new ideas，nor did he fear the future．
試比較
“I went to the movie last night．”一――――“So did I ”
“Did Alice learn Spanish in high school?”一――“I think so ”
Ⅲ．從句中的省略
(1)賓語從句中的省略：
1)以“which/where／when／how/why”等引起的賓語從句，在其謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞相同時，其后的主語和謂語可全部省略，而僅保留一個"wh-"詞。
She can’t come，but 1 wonder why(she can’t come)．
He will be back，I don’t know when(he will be back)．
Please hand me one of those books，I don’t care which(you hand me)．
2) 在“I’m afraid，I believe，I expect，I fancy，I fear，I hope，I imagine，I should，I should say，I suppose，
I think，I trust”之后的"not"等于一個否定的"that"從句，“so”等于一個肯定的"that"從句。
“Is he sick”一“I am afraid so.”(=I am afraid that he is sick．)
“Will it rain tomorrow?"一“I hope not．”(=I hope that it will not rain tomorrow．)
(2)定語從句中的省略：
定語從句中可以省略作賓語的關系代詞that。在非正式文體中，關系副詞“ｗhen/why也可以省略，關系代詞后面的主謂結構有時也可以省略。
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met,
He gave the same answer as (he had given)before．
I like the place for the very reason(why)you dislike it．
(3)狀語從句中的省略：
1)在時間、地點、讓步、方式、條件狀語從句中，如果從句的主語與主句的主語一致，或者從句的主語是“it” ,則從句中的動詞“be”及其主語可以省略。
He won’t come unless (he is) invited.
I didn’t notice it until(it was)too late．
He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak．
Water，when(it is)boiled，always gives off steam．
Any progress，however small (it may be)，is important．
Change the form of the verbs where(it is)possible／necessary.
His opinion，whether(it is)fight or wrong，would be considered．
I happened to meet him when(he was)crossing the street．
Although(she was)advanced in years，my grandmother remained as active as many young people．
2)由“as”和"than"引出的比較狀語從句，在意義明確的情況下，可省略“than”和“as”后面的任何成分。
Her fining voice is as sharp as(it was)before．
I know you better than(I know)him／he(knows you)．
We should think more of others than(we should think of)ourselves．
The sun shines just as bright in the winter time as (it does)in the summer time．
