SAT閱讀題型匯總整理
來源：互聯網
小編：天空 553新SAT的OG將其閱讀題型分成三大塊： Information and Ideas: The Author's Message (對文本信息的考察); Rhetoric: The Author's Craft (對作者寫作技能的考察);以及Synthesis(綜合考察)。小編據此思路，整理出新SAT最全題型分類。
第一大類： Information and Ideas: The Author's Message (對文本信息的考察) 包括以下題型：
直接信息題(Explicit Meaning)，該類題型能夠直接從文本中找到信息，題目中通常出現如下字眼“According to the passage," "states," "indicates,"等。如： The authors indicate that people value gift-giving because they feel it...?
隱含信息題 (Implicit Meaning)，該類題型需要理解文本的隱含意思，題目中通常出現如下字眼 “based on the passage,” "it can reasonably be inferred," "implies," 等。如： Based on the passage, the author's statement "..." implies that...?
類比題(Analogy)，考察對文本內容特征的把握及應用，如“Which of the following situations is most analogous to the relationship mentioned in line 5 to 10?
以上三種題型都是對文本細節的考察。
循證題(Citing Textual Evidence)，要求為上一題的答案尋找論據或者為某個結論提供論據。
如： Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? (尋找上一題答案論據)或者 In lines 46-50("Prosecutions...sens"), what is the most likely reason Jordan draws a distinction between two types of "parties"? (為某個結論提供論據)循證題是對文本論據的考察，在每個篇章中會出現兩題，共10題。
中心思想/主旨題 (Central Idea/ Theme)，是對整篇文章的主旨或段落中心思想的考察。如： The central claim of the passage is that...? (對整篇文章主旨的考察)或者 The central idea of the fourth paragraph (line 35-57) is that...? (對段落中心思想的考察)
小結題(Summary)，對整篇文章或段落的小結，如：Which choice best summarizes the passage?
關系題(Relationship)，考察人物，事件，觀點之間的因果，對比，遞進等關系，如：Which choice best describes the relationship between neurons and celebrities?
單詞/詞組釋義題 (Interpreting Words and Phrases in Context)，顧名思義，即是對單詞、詞組意思的考察。如：As used in line 10, "intense" most nearly means...?
以上8種題型為對文本所傳達的信息的考察。
第二大類：Rhetoric: The Author's Craft (對作者寫作技能的考察)包括以下題型：
單詞/詞組/句子功能題(Analyzing Word Choice)， 包括使用目的，作用和效果。如：Woolf uses the word "we" throughout the passage mainly to...?
文本結構題(Analyzing Text Structure)，對文本總體結構的考察或對部分內容與整篇文章的關系的考察。如：Over the course of the passage, the main focus of the narrative shifts from the ... to...?
觀點態度題(Analyzing Point of View)，對作者或人物觀點，態度和立場的考察。題目中通常包括"perspective","point of view"等字眼。如：The stance Jordan takes in the passage is best described as that of...?
目的題 (Analyzing Purpose)，對整篇文章或部分段落目的的考察。題目中通常包括“purpose”，“function”等字眼。選項中也通常出現“criticize”， “support”， “present”， “introduce”等字眼。如：The main purpose of the passage is to...?
論證題 (Analyzing Arguments)，對作者在論證過程中的論點，反論點，論證方式和論據的考察。題目中通常出現 “claim”， “counterclaim”， “reason”， “evidence”等字眼。如：A student claims that nitrogenous bases pair randomly with one another. Which of the following statements in the passage contradicts the student's claim?
以上5種題型是對作者寫作技能的考察。
第三大類：Synthesis (綜合題)，該類指的是涉及到雙篇文章的題目或文章與圖表綜合考察的題目。
雙篇題(Analyzing Multiple Questions)通常分為取同，取異，互聯題。如下：
取同題 ，對兩篇文章的相同點的考察。如：The crows in Passage 1 and the ravens in Passage 2 shared which trait?
取異題，對兩篇文章的不同點的考察。如：One difference between the experiments described in the two passages is that unlike the researchers discussed in Passage 1, the author of Passage 2...?
互聯題，對兩篇文章的相關性的考察。如：Is the main conclusion presented by the author of Passage 2 consistent with Morgan's canon, as described in Passage 1?
以上三種題型皆涉及到對雙篇文章的分析。
圖表題 (Analyzing Quantitative Information) 包括對圖表信息的直接或間接 的考察，以及對圖表信息和文本內容的綜合考察。如：Which claim about traffic congestion is supported by the graph?或者：It can reasonably be inferred from the passage and the graphic that...?
綜上所述，從詞匯層面看，詞匯題考察的是詞匯的意思和功能;從段落層面看，考察的題目包括觀點態度題，目的題，小結題，中心思想題，論證題，細節類題型等等;從篇章層面看，同樣包括細節題，態度，目的，小結，中心思想題，論證題，還包括關系題，循證題，文本結構題等。由此可見，新SAT尤其側重對篇章的考察。
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