如何讀懂雅思文章(三)
來源：
小編： 61上一講我們講到可以利用句子在段落中的位置來判斷段落的主題句。其實除此之外，段落中的關(guān)鍵詞也是確定主題句的重要線索。這一講中，我們會重點分析這個問題，希望同學(xué)們以后能夠培養(yǎng)起對這些詞匯的“敏感的感覺”，學(xué)會有效率地閱讀。
2 標(biāo)志詞：文章中有些詞匯對于我們正確判斷一段話的主題是至關(guān)重要的。在雅思考試的文章中，主要有三類：強轉(zhuǎn)折性的詞、表示重要性結(jié)構(gòu)的詞和表示人物觀點結(jié)論性的詞。
A. 強轉(zhuǎn)折性的詞
強轉(zhuǎn)折的詞主要包括but, however, yet, in fact等。這種詞一方面表示其前后連接的內(nèi)容是相反的關(guān)系。另一方面，強轉(zhuǎn)折的詞強調(diào)的是后面的內(nèi)容，所以but之類的詞后面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是我們閱讀的重點。特別是如果這種詞出現(xiàn)在一段話的中前部，那么此句多半是整段話的論點，也就是整段的主題句。
需要注意的是，像although, though, despite, in spite of, albeit, while這種詞不同于強轉(zhuǎn)折的詞，
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Congress can pass laws, regulators can beef up enforcement, and shareholders can demand more accountability. But when it comes right down to it, making sure a company is operating well is really an inside job. That’s where internal auditing comes in. It doesn’t sound glamorous, but it’s an expanding field beckoning to people with a lot of pent up we-can-do-better energy. Internal auditors keep an eye on a company’s “controls”-not just financial systems, but all sorts of functions designed to make the business run smoothly and protect the interests of shareholders.
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All good fun. But in the aftermath of the Columbia disaster, the value of commercial research on missions has come into question. STS-107-the final flight of the Columbia-had 80 experiments on board, including five that were conducted by the astronauts for private companies, funded almost entirely by NASA. One was for International Flavors & Fragrances (IFF), which extracted the smell of a rose in space and was back seeking new scents. The other commercial experiments involved studies of ways to fight fire using fine Water mist, grow proteins with greater resilience to disease, manufacture crystals for such uses as hydrogen fuel storage and advance cancer-cell research. Is all this worth pursuing in space?
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B. 表重要性的結(jié)構(gòu)
Are Americans a nation of frivolous divorcers who selfishly pursue the bluebird of happiness, oblivious to their children’s needs? Divorce opponents like Judith Wallerstein seem to think most parents see divorce as a marvelous opportunity for the whole family. How immature do they think people are ?All over America, unhappy spouses lie awake at night wondering if they and their kids can afford divorce financially, socially, emotionally. Where will they live, how will they pay the bills, will the kids fall apart, will there be a custody battle, what will their families say? The very fact that so many people leave their marriage for a future with so many pitfalls proves that divorce is anything but a whim. Most people I know who split up (not to mention my ex and me) spent years working up to it.
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The truth is that the economic boost from spinoffs, is untraceable. The Berlei bra, for instance, uses a Dupont material called CoolMax, which was derived from a fabric developed to improve thermal clothing by Outlast Technologies in collaboration with NASA’s Johnson Space Center. The proportion of Berlei bra sales accurately described as a NASA “spinoff” is anyone’s guess, but critics say returns can’t even come close to covering the cost of a shuttle flight.
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“The very fact that”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來提示重要內(nèi)容的出現(xiàn)。所以當(dāng)類似的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在段落首末位置的時候，該句極有可能是全段的主題句，也就是主題句。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有”The point/problem/concern/idea/key factor is that…”, “what matters/accounts is…”, “what is extraordinary is…”等等。
C. 表示人物觀點結(jié)論性的詞:
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The Welsh forces in Dyfed-Powys and Gwent both had impressively shape spidergrams thanks to comparatively good records on reducing and investigating crime. The force with the most dimming graph was Avon and Somerset, which was once regarded as a metropolitan force but had been grouped under the new scheme with areas including Norhampton shire and West Mercia which have much lower crime levels. Avon and Somerset, which includes Bristol, pointed out that graph reflected the fact that the force and suffered form a wave of street crime that had subsequently been greatly reduced.
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類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有believe, suggest, conclude, hold, show, reveal, find, find out, discover等。
