范文分析－動物試驗(yàn)
來源：
小編： 314范文分析－動物試驗(yàn)
來源：環(huán)球教育網(wǎng) www.ielts.com.cn 2006-7-5
2005年9月17日A類Task 2 考題
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel, but other people think that it is necessary for the development of science.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考題解釋
有些人認(rèn)為把動物用于試驗(yàn)?zāi)康暮軞埲蹋橇硪恍┤藚s認(rèn)為這對科學(xué)的發(fā)展是必要的。請討論這兩種觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞
experimentation
實(shí)驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn)
cruel
殘忍的
考題分析
本題討論的話題是是否可以拿動物作試驗(yàn)。考題中有兩種觀點(diǎn)，分別是支持和反對。因?yàn)樘釂栔杏忻鞔_的“discuss both views”的指令，因此兩種觀點(diǎn)都必須討論到。最后的觀點(diǎn)可以采取折衷的方案，即動物是否可以用來試驗(yàn)應(yīng)該取決于試驗(yàn)的性質(zhì)或者動物的種類等。
類似考題
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
Aquariums and wildlife sanctuaries are seen as sources of education and entertainment for families. They are also essential to conduct life-saving research. However there is opposition to confining animals in this way. Discuss some of the arguments for and against the maintenance of zoos.
原創(chuàng)范文
A chimpanzee is perhaps the animal most closely related to humans; but instead of treating the animal with love and respect, we subject it to cruel and inhumane scientific and medical experiments to further human development. What a cruel fate for the unfortunate chimpanzee. Or perhaps, in life as in the jungle it is survival of the fittest, and so, as the most intelligent animal we are just exercising our right to dominate and use other animals as we wish.
For many people the issue of using animals for science is black and white; either very pro-animal rights, or very much in favour of using animals since we are the highest level creature. On the one hand, some people say that subjecting animals to pain and torture is truly barbaric; higher-level animals share with us feelings, thoughts and behaviors and so we should look after them and respect them. They may also feel that if we are so unsure about the effects of a drug for example then we should do further chemical testing before doing live and sometimes cruel animal testing.
Others, however, believe that we must use animals for the benefit of our own species (humans); to test drugs, cosmetics and new developments in science which will provide a safer and better lifestyle for us. Very few people are inherently cruel, but they still believe it is either them or us; it is better to test the drugs on a monkey rather than on a person.
Being cruel for the sake of being cruel and with no tangible results to show for it is definitely stepping over a boundary of acceptable behavior, but at other times if the benefits of the research are explicit, tangible and valuable then I feel that the research is justified.
～296 Words～
謀篇布局
第一段
引言段，背景介紹并給出觀點(diǎn)
第一段里作者先介紹了考題的背景。用黑猩猩（chimpanzee）和“適者生存”（survival of the fittest）的事例來證明人類正在為了自身目的讓動物遭受痛苦。
第二段
主體段1，反對動物試驗(yàn)的理由
本段首先承認(rèn)在是否可以把動物用于科學(xué)試驗(yàn)這個問題上存在明顯分歧，既有人支持也有人反對。隨后重點(diǎn)討論了反對動物試驗(yàn)的理由：
理由一： barbaric
動物和人類一樣有情感、思想和行為（feelings, thoughts and behaviors），我們應(yīng)該照顧它們尊重它們（look after them and respect them）。讓動物遭受痛苦和折磨是野蠻的行為（truly barbaric）。
理由二： chemical testing
如果對藥物的療效不是很確定（unsure about the effects of a drug），應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行化學(xué)試驗(yàn)（do further chemical testing），避免用動物進(jìn)行殘忍的活體實(shí)驗(yàn)。
第三段
主體段2，支持動物試驗(yàn)的理由
在第三段中作者討論了另外一種觀點(diǎn)，即應(yīng)該支持動物試驗(yàn)。理由也有兩條：
理由一： safer and better lifestyle
動物試驗(yàn)可以幫助人類測試藥物、化妝品等（test drugs, cosmetics）給人類帶來更安全和舒適的生活（safer and better lifestyle）。
理由二： better than testing on human
有些人覺得既然一定要用活體試驗(yàn)，那么用猴子做試驗(yàn)總要比用人試驗(yàn)要好（it is better to test the drugs on a monkey rather than on a person.）。
第四段
總結(jié)，并給出作者觀點(diǎn)
最后一段作者提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為如果是為了殘忍而殘忍而且沒有任何效果，則絕對是超出了可接受行為的范圍（stepping over a boundary of acceptable behavior）。但如果研究所帶來的利益是明顯、實(shí)際并且有價值的（explicit, tangible and valuable），則這些試驗(yàn)是合理的（the research is justified.）。
重點(diǎn)詞匯
subject … to…
使……屈從于……；使……遭受……
The inquiry found that the court had subjected them to unfair treatment.
inhumane
adj．殘忍的；不人道的
Conditions for prisoners were described as inhumane.
survival of the fittest
適者生存
“Survival of the fittest” is the result of natural selection.
in favour of
支持；贊成
He voted in favour of the bill because he wants to please the law makers.
torture
n．折磨；痛苦
Half of the prisoners died after torture and starvation.
barbaric
adj．野蠻的；粗野的
She found the idea of killing animals for pleasure barbaric.
species
n．物種；種類
Over a hundred species of insect are found in this area.
explicit
adj．外在的；清楚的
She was very explicit about what she thought was wrong with the plans.
boundary
n．邊界；分界線
The Ural mountains mark the boundary between Europe and Asia.
tangible
adj．切實(shí)的；實(shí)際的
Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours.
justified
adj．有道理的；合理的
I accept that the criticism is completely justified.
inherently
adv．天性地；固有地
There's nothing inherently wrong with his ideas.
實(shí)用句型
以……為目的 for the sake of …
在表達(dá)“為了……（目的）而做……”這種概念時，可以用“for the sake of”來表達(dá)，相當(dāng)于“because of...” 或“for the purpose of...”例如：
Let's not disagree for the sake of （= because of）a few pounds.
Let's say, just for the sake of argument/for argument's sake （= for the purpose of this discussion), that prices rise by 3 per cent this year.
You're only arguing for the sake of arguing （= because you like arguing）.
此外，我們還可以用“for its own sake”用來表達(dá)類似的概念，例如：
I study for its own sake.
Don't use technology for its own sake. Use it when it's the best or the only way to provide information.
